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2022.4.22 updated
# 독해교재를 선택할때 고민해야할게 많다
독해교재를 선택할때 주의할점이 많다.
영자신문이나 영어원서중에서 어려운 책을 고른다면 너무 어려워서 실용성이 떨어진다.
그렇다고 대충 회화책을 고르면,
문장구조에 대한 고민이 없는 시중의 영어회화교재는 단순암기용밖에 쓸데가 없는경우가
거의 대다수이다.
<구어영어, 구어체표현덩어리가 많이 들어간 실전적인 교재를 고르자>
<문법사항이 많이 들어가서, 독해연습과 문법연습이 가능한 교재를 고른다>
<단락독해를 위해서는 일관성있고 주제가 있는 구조가 좋은 교재가 필요하다>
지금까지의 문장구조이론과 시중의 문법책 한권의 완벽한 암기작업
+ 단어장 암기 + 독해교재나 영어원서 한두권을 정리한다.
이정도면 솔직히 영어공부비법을 찾으려고 돌아다닐 필요는 없다.
예전과 달리 교보서적에 가면, 영어정복을 위한 좋은 영어원서와 학습비법을 가득 담은
책들이 넘쳐나기때문이다.
기본실력을 우선 만들고 학원을 잘 찾아보면, 영어연습을 할수있는
원어민교사가 개설한 클래스가 있을테니 그런곳을 찾아서 스피킹이나 토플, 아이엘츠공부를
하면 대충 자신이 원하는 영어실력을 완성할수 있는 좋은 시대에 우리는 살고 있는 것이다.
진짜 고민해야할것은,
영어공부와 프로그래밍공부, 전공공부등을 활용할 해외취업방법이나
일본이나 캐나다, 유럽등에서 일할수 있는 스펙이나 자격증을 준비하는 것이다.
솔직히 출생율 0.70명의 나라에서는 미래에 대한 비젼은 없다고 보면 된다.
고시나 회계사등의 자격증에 관심 없다면,
프로그래밍, 대학원준비등을 통해서 해외이민이나 해외취업하는게 훨씬 삶을
재밋고 안전하게 사는 법일 것이다.
자격증, 아이엘츠, 토플 등을 준비해서 외국으로 도망가는게 잘한 선택인 시대에 살고 있다.
#<영어로 생각하기에 대한 색다른 접근들...>
(1) 유튜브에서 다양한 영어교육방송이 있다
< 이 방송, BBC Learning English 방송은>
원래 의도는 단어를 배우는 내용인데,
출력중심 학습법에 관심을 가진 내 관점에서는
영어로 생각을 시작하는 방법으로 이해하고 이용할수도 있겠다는 느낌이 든다.
듣기연습이 영어로 발상을 하는 방법을 가르칠수도 있다
다양한 방법으로 영어를 접근하는 생각을 좀더 다양하게 발전시켜보자.
Improve your English vocabulary and speaking with this 'human emotions' 6 Minute English compilation from BBC Learning English! One hour of listening practice to help improve your English listening and learn LOTS of new vocabulary!
There are 10 episodes
and each contains authentic listening practice, fun quiz questions,
analysis of new vocabulary
and looks at how to use these words in real-life contexts!
0:00 Why are young people so lonely?
6:11 What makes you happy?
18:23 The power of crying
24:27 Why do we feel awkward?
30:32 How your eyes predict personality
36:37 Anxious about talking to new people?
42:42 Is talking on the phone embarrassing?
48:48 Is there anything good about shame?
54:54 What makes you 'hangry'?
(2) 영어강의 자료 이용하자
BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Fashion and Shopping' English mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!
https://youtu.be/whb80ZkoxRY
Improve your English vocabulary
and speaking with this 'fashion and shopping' 6 Minute English compilation from BBC Learning English!
One hour of listening practice to help improve your English listening
and learn LOTS of new vocabulary!
There are 10 episodes and each contains authentic listening practice,
fun quiz questions, analysis of new vocabulary
and looks at how to use these words in real-life contexts!
0:00 Could you give up fast fashion?
06:10 Is retail therapy good for you?
12:15 Why are unicorns back in fashion?
18:18 High heels: fashion or oppression?
24:23 Are you a vampire shopper?
30:28 The rise in popularity of the comfy shoe
36:33 Do you like hi-visibility fashion?
42:39 Is being thrifty a virtue?
48:44 What is surf and turf?
54:50 Who needs a manbag?
...
...
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#<독해를 하면서, 어떻게 효과적인 영어실력을 높이는가,
---> 구체적인 하루하루 공부방법을 안내한다>
*******영어원서를 읽기위한 준비, 구체적인 목표설정을 한다면,
<참고>
The Best Way To Improve Your Reading Skills 📖📚 English Tips!
https://youtu.be/EgxApNETQKo
How to increase your vocabulary
https://youtu.be/UpbMvJ1n3XE
(1) 문장속의 문장구조, 패턴을 분석한다
(2) 어려운 구문, 단어, 표현, 구동사, 이디엄등을 정리한다
(3) 줄거리를 읽는 연습을 한다, 단락독해스킬을 연습한다
(4) 청크단위/표현덩어리, 패턴단위를 끊어가면서 읽는 능력을 연습한다
그래서 나중에는 듣기공부를 할때나, 미국드라마/미드, 팟캐스트를
들을때도 청크, 의미단위로 끊어져 들리는 능력을 키우는게 최종목표이다
(5) 문장을 주절 + 종속절로 구분하는 감각을 키운다
그래서 자연스럽게 문장을 읽으면서 주제문장을 찾아내는 능력을 기른다
(6) 유튜브 방송을 보면, 원어민들은 <단어>단위로 말하는게 아니라
<청크, 패턴덩어리>단위로 말을 하는걸 알게 된다.
그렇다면, 독해를 할때 그런 덩어리로 뭉쳐서 끊어읽기를 하는 스킬을
연습해야한다. 그래야 귀가 뚫리는 경험을 보다 쉽게 성취할수 있는 것이다
(7) 서점에선가 인터넷상에선가 어떤 수능강사가 책에서,
직독직해의 문제점을 말한걸 본적이 있다.
직독직해의 다양한 방법과 이론이 있다는걸 그분은 잘 몰라서인듯 싶고,
직독직해와 끊어읽기, 그리고 어순법칙과 의미단위 접근법의 다양한 원리와 스킬을
분석해서 올바르게 적용할 필요성이 있다
많은 연구가 필요하다.
(8) 5형식문형구조에서 벗어나 좀더 길어진 <문장구조, 패턴문법의 형태>를
기준으로 해서 독해를 진행해야 하는 이유를 연구한후에 독해공부를 시작하자.
(9) 독해는 청크단위를 2,3단어로 잡는게 시작점이고, 점점더 의미단위를
길게 잡는 많은 훈련을 해야 그 한번에 잡아내는 청크단위능력을 키울수 있다
********** 독해지문을 <조금 큰 청크>단위로 한줄씩 끊어보았다...
There were humans
long before there was history.
Animals much like modern humans
first appeared
about 2.5 million years ago.
But for countless generations
they did not stand out from the myriad other organisms
with which they shared their habitats.
On a hike in East Africa
2 million years ago,
you might well have encountered a familiar cast of human characters:
anxious mothers cuddling their babies
and clutches of carefree children playing in the mud;
temperamental youths chafing against the dictates of society
and weary elders who just wanted to be left in peace;
chest- thumping machos trying to impress the local beauty
and wise old matriarchs who had already seen it all.
These archaic humans loved, played, formed close friendships
and competed for status and power
– but so did chimpanzees, baboons and elephants.
There was nothing special about them.
Nobody, least of all humans themselves,
had any inkling
that their descendants would one day walk on the moon,
split the atom,
fathom the genetic code
and write history books.
//
//
// 독해는 2가지의 학습결과물을 만들어낸다
// (1) 문장패턴, 문장구조의 분석
// (2) 사용된 좋은 표현들, 청크들을 정리, 암기할 기회 제공
//
// 원자를 쪼개어본다,
// 역사책을 써본다
// 달위에 걸어본다,
// fathom the genetic code ----> ??? / 사전 찾아보기
//
The most important thing
to know about prehistoric humans
is that they were insignificant animals
with no more impact on their environment than gorillas, fireflies or jellyfish.
//
// 선사시대의 인간을 알아본다
// 그당시에는 그렇게 중요한 동물은 아니었다
// 자신의 환경에 그렇게 큰 영향을 주지않는... 찌질한 동물일뿐이다
//
Biologists classify organisms into species.
Animals are said to belong to the same species
if they tend to mate with each other,
giving birth to fertile offspring.
Horses and donkeys have a recent common ancestor
and share many physical traits.
But they show little sexual interest in one another.
They will mate if induced to do so – but their offspring, called mules, are sterile.
Mutations in donkey DNA can therefore never cross over to horses, or vice versa.
The two types of animals are consequently considered two distinct species,
moving along separate evolutionary paths.
By contrast, a bulldog and a spaniel may look very different,
but they are members of the same species,
sharing the same DNA pool.
They will happily mate
and their puppies will grow up to pair off with other dogs
and produce more puppies.
Species that evolved from a common ancestor are bunched together
under the heading ‘genus’ (plural genera).
Lions, tigers, leopards and jaguars are different species
within the genus Panthera.
Biologists label organisms with a two-part Latin name,
genus followed by species.
Lions, for example, are called Panthera leo,
the species leo of the genus Panthera.
Presumably, everyone reading this book is a Homo sapiens
– the species sapiens (wise) of the genus Homo (man).
//
//
// 생물학적 용어가 나오니 내용이 헷갈리기 시작한다
// 진화이론에 따르면, 몇백만년전에는 인간과 침팬지, 고릴라, 우랑우탄등이
// 같은 조상에서 출발했다고 말하는듯한데...
//
//
Genera in their turn are grouped into families,
such as the cats
(lions, cheetahs, house cats),
the dogs (wolves, foxes, jackals)
and the elephants (elephants, mammoths, mastodons).
All members of a family
trace their lineage back to a founding matriarch or patriarch.
All cats, for example,
from the smallest house kitten to the most ferocious lion,
share a common feline ancestor
who lived about 25 million years ago.
Homo sapiens, too, belongs to a family.
This banal fact used to be one of history’s most closely guarded secrets.
Homo sapiens long preferred to view itself as set apart from animals,
an orphan bereft of family,
lacking siblings or cousins,
and most importantly, without parents.
But that’s just not the case.
Like it or not,
we are members of a large and particularly noisy family
called the great apes.
Our closest living relatives include chimpanzees, gorillas and orang- utans.
The chimpanzees are the closest.
Just 6 million years ago,
a single female ape had two daughters.
One became the ancestor of all chimpanzees,
the other is our own grandmother.
//
// 6백만년이 흘러서 진화한 결과물이 오늘날의 현생인류,
// 호모사피엔스,...
//
// 솔직히, 인간은 200년 이상의 시간단위는 현실감있게
// 상상하지 못한다
// 자신의 경험가능한 영역을 벗어난다
// 그래서, 판단 불가능하다
// 지금부터 200년후, 1000년후의 지구상의 인간들은 어떤 생활을 할까 ?
//
// 화정, 넥슨,... 김정주, 혹은 싸이월드의 부활
// 도토리에 대한 추억들 ???
//
************************** [ 유발 하라리의 사피엔스 p14에서 인용함 ......... ] ******************
There were humans long before there was history. Animals much like modern humans first appeared about 2.5 million years ago. But for countless generations they did not stand out from the myriad other organisms with which they shared their habitats.
On a hike in East Africa 2 million years ago, you might well have encountered a familiar cast of human characters: anxious mothers cuddling their babies and clutches of carefree children playing in the mud; temperamental youths chafing against the dictates of society and weary elders who just wanted to be left in peace; chest- thumping machos trying to impress the local beauty and wise old matriarchs who had already seen it all. These archaic humans loved, played, formed close friendships and competed for status and power
– but so did chimpanzees, baboons and elephants. There was nothing special about them. Nobody, least of all humans themselves, had any inkling that their descendants would one day walk on the moon, split the atom, fathom the genetic code and write history books. The most important thing to know about prehistoric humans is that they were insignificant animals with no more impact on their environment than gorillas, fireflies or jellyfish.
Biologists classify organisms into species. Animals are said to belong to the same species if they tend to mate with each other, giving birth to fertile offspring. Horses and donkeys have a recent common ancestor and share many physical traits. But they show little sexual interest in one another. They will mate if induced to do so – but their offspring, called mules, are sterile. Mutations in donkey DNA can therefore never cross over to horses, or vice versa. The two types of animals are consequently considered two distinct species, moving along separate evolutionary paths. By contrast, a bulldog and a spaniel may look very different, but they are members of the same species, sharing the same DNA pool. They will happily mate and their puppies will grow up to pair off with other dogs and produce more puppies.
Species that evolved from a common ancestor are bunched together under the heading ‘genus’ (plural genera). Lions, tigers, leopards and jaguars are different species within the genus Panthera. Biologists label organisms with a two-part Latin name, genus
followed by species. Lions, for example, are called Panthera leo, the species leo of the genus Panthera. Presumably, everyone reading this book is a Homo sapiens – the species sapiens (wise) of the genus Homo (man).
Genera in their turn are grouped into families, such as the cats
(lions, cheetahs, house cats), the dogs (wolves, foxes, jackals) and
the elephants (elephants, mammoths, mastodons). All members of a family trace their lineage back to a founding matriarch or patriarch. All cats, for example, from the smallest house kitten to the most ferocious lion, share a common feline ancestor who lived about 25 million years ago.
Homo sapiens, too, belongs to a family. This banal fact used to be one of history’s most closely guarded secrets. Homo sapiens long preferred to view itself as set apart from animals, an orphan bereft of family, lacking siblings or cousins, and most importantly, without parents. But that’s just not the case. Like it or not, we are members of a large and particularly noisy family called the great apes. Our closest living relatives include chimpanzees, gorillas and orang- utans. The chimpanzees are the closest. Just 6 million years ago, a single female ape had two daughters. One became the ancestor of all chimpanzees, the other is our own grandmother.
*************************** ***************************